The term pre-production refers to the work done before filming takes place. This includes:
- Script Writing - The script writing is the very first stage. This details events that are due to happen in the film in a text format. It gives dialogue, stage actions, scenes and maybe even when music starts.
- Risk Assessment writing - A risk assessment is drawn up which highlights the possible risks and what actions should be taken to avoid them occurring. This could be anything ranging from tripping over wires to stunts that are too dangerous. This is important as they don't want actors or crew hurt and it will also affect their insurance.
- Drawing the storyboard - The job of drawing the storyboard consists of drawing out each camera shot. This could be a fight scene, but split into the different stages and angles of it.
Some of the production roles include:
- Producer - The person who is primarily in charge of production and who oversee's the roles of others and ensures they have what they need.
- Direction - The director has the creative control and will decide what it will visually look like.
- Concept Artist - The concept artist will draw initial art designs. This will be the scenery et.c. which will allow the director to choose what he wants. They will also get the directors input over the months as he draws up the plans. Once a final art design is chosen then a draft script is made.
- Script Writer - A script writer is the person who writes the script. This is the first stage.
- Pre-visulizator - These people will generate a 3D image to show the director what it will look like. This is where the director might decide to change aspects of it now that they know what it looks like.
- Location Recce - The job of the location recce is to find suitable locations for filming and to get permissions to film at them. A contract will be signed stating that the production team have permission to film there and additional allowances i.e. cutting down tree's to film. Locations could range from forests to studios.Additional film roles in 'Validation':
- Costume Organiser - This person will be responsible for buying and also looking after the costumes required for the production.
- Composer - The composer is the person who writes and/or plays the film score. Pay rates will be cheaper for less well known composers. For example, a friend might compose the music for free however if you wanted to use a track from a popular artist, i.e. Beyonce, they costs will be about £4,000 per every 15 seconds.
- Runners - Runners will do all the little jobs where people will not be required to do just that role. For example, runners might tidy sets, organise cables, ensure that producers and crew have everything they need e.t.c.
- Caster - This person will be responsible for casting auditions and finding the right actors for the roles.
- Financer - This person will watch the budget and make sure things are going to go over the budget.
The budget might be spent on:
- Locations - Hiring the right place or paying for licenses.
- Actors - The cast will be paid.
- Catering - The actors will need food to keep them concentrated. This could substitute for pay on low budget productions.
- Props - Money might need to spent to pay for props however many productions will just borrow props.
- Equipment Hire - Money might need to be spent on cameras, microphones, tripods e.t.c
- Travel - Money would be spent on allowing actors to travel to your location. For low budget films, most of the actors will be friends or family who live locally.
- Composition Copyright/Usage - Money will go to the artist or to the record label for money to be used however prices are normally quite high especially if the artist is very well known. A cheap substitute would be to use royalty free music under agreement or to get a friend to compose the music for you.
Cost Examples:
Although the prices significantly vary, deals can be done when booking areas.
- Location Manager £395/day - Will get equipment such as high vis jackets, dust sheets e.t.c, will organise traffic and make sure things flow smoothly. http://www.uklocations.co.uk/what-we-offer/
- Camcorders £75/week + £300 deposit - Prices vary dramatically particularly due to quality or how new the model is. E.g. A new 4K camera would be a lot higher than an older SD camcorder. This HD one is from £75 a 5 day week with a deposit of £300. http://www.vid4hire.co.uk/video-camera-hire/Sony-Camcorder-Hire/Sony-HXR-MC2000-Hire-Rental
- Music Rights - Music rights can be very expensive however the cost is dependant on who the music is by and how much you want.
- Catering £9.80/head- Being a possible substitute for money, catering is quite important to keep morale and energy levels high. Buying in bulk can be cheaper however the higher the quality of food, the higher the cost. http://www.rocket-catering.co.uk/guide-to-pricing.html
- Props - The cost for props can vary and using items you already have it a lot cheaper however some items such as medical equipment for example, you might have to hire. If props aren't available from a studio or included in a filming package then you could buy the props from normal shops i.e. a table from a furniture shop or if you wanted period equipment, it might have to be especially made or hired for a higher price. http://www.eventprophire.com/index.php
- Travel £175/person/return - A limousine return from London will cost £175 however for celebritires they might have their own limo. For the travel of crew and equipment they will most likely take a minibus in which prices are from £70. http://limousinehireessex.co.uk/fleet.html
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